IJIRST : Research Paper : Call For Paper : 2019

#IJIRST - #International #Journal for #Innovative #Research in #Scienceand #Technology

Call for Papers | Vol. 5 Issue 11 - April #2k19

Last date of Paper submission 25th March '19 

for More Info or Query Cont. us: 07405046536

Email us: ijirst.journal@gmail.com

Submit your Paper @ http://www.IJIRST.org

International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology#IJIRST

IJIRST Journal: International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology(Call for paper for November-2017)

IJIRST (International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology) is interested in all parts of building teaching method. Real fields of investment incorporate

• Teaching and learning styles
• Methods, practices and philosophies in engineering
• Assessment
• Ethics
• Inclusivity
• Sustainability
• Online and laboratory learning
• Professional practice
• Global dimensions of engineering education/globalisation
• Quality issues
• Technical teacher training
• Student communities
• Curricula in the Bachelor and Master system
• Faculty development
• Lifelong learning

Submit Your Article for November issue-2017

for more information : http://ijirst.org/ 

Latest Trends in Networking and Cyber Security-2017 (LTNCS 2017) | IJIRST Journal

National Conference on "Latest Trends in Networking and Cyber Security" 17 March, 2017

We are pleased to invite you to attend/participate in the  National Conference LTNCS-2017 will be held on 17th March 2017, organized by Computer Engineering Department of SAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH, Ahmedabad.

LTNCS-2017 aims to gather technocrats from different states of India on a common platform to promote research activities in all fields of Networking and Cyber Security. LTNCS-2017 adhere different Technical Topics as under.

• Cybercrime
• Distributed Network
• Forensic & Cyber Security with Cloud
• Security issues with big data
• Ethical hacking

We would like to invite research papers based on original research work from Researchers, Academicians, Faculty Members and Students in various innovative areas of Networking and Cyber Security. 

All submitted papers will be peer-reviewed by renowned experts. The reviewed papers will be published in one of the reputed technical journal namely IJIRST “International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology” having impact factor 3.559.

With the same, we take this opportunity to invite you all to participate in this conference and share your innovative ideas and research. We shall appreciate your participation in the conference and confirmation for the same at the earliest.

We request you to forward this information to your faculty colleagues, research scholars and students for contributing research papers for LTNCS-2017.

For more information about the conference kindly contact us

 

Website:            http://conference.ijirst.org/

Email:               ltncs2017@gmail.com

Facebook:         https://www.facebook.com/LTNCS2017/

Contact No:    9998843943, 8128989597

Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Externally Bonded CFRP

Title:- Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Externally Bonded CFRP

Author Name:- J. Gopi Krishna

Abstract:- In our country many of the existing reinforced concrete structures are in need of repair or reconstruction, rehabilitation, because of deterioration due to various factors like corrosion, lack of detailing, failure of bonding between beam-column joints, increase in service loads, improper design and unexpected external lateral loads such as wind or seismic forces acting on a structure, environment and accident events etc., leading to cracking, spalling, loss of strength, deflection, etc. Strengthening of existing reinforced concrete structures is necessary to obtain an expected life span and achieve specific requirements. The need for efficient rehabilitation and strengthening techniques of existing concrete structures has resulted in research and development of composite strengthening systems. Recent experimental and analytical research have demonstrated that the use of composite materials for retrofitting existing structural components is more cost-effective and requires less effort and time than the traditional means. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite has been accepted in the construction industry as a capable substitute for repairing and strengthening of RCC structures. The superior properties of (FRP) polymer composite materials like high corrosion resistance, high strength, high stiffness, excellent fatigue performance and good resistance to chemical attack etc., has motivated the researchers and practicing engineers to use the polymer composites in the field of rehabilitation of structures. During past two decades, much research has been carried out on shear and flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using different types of fiber reinforced polymers and adhesives. A detailed Literature review based on the previous experimental and analytical research on retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams is presented. Proposed method of strengthening the RC beam is decided based on the previous experimental and analytical research. Behaviors of retrofitted reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded CFRP with various types of resins (Epoxy, Orthophthalic Resin (GP), ISO resin) after initial load (60 % control beam) is investigated. Static load responses of all the beams under two point load method had evaluated in terms of flexural strength, crack observation, compositeness between CFRP fabric and concrete, and the associated failure modes.  

Keywords: Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP), CFRP fabric, reinforced concrete structures

I.   Introduction

Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in world. It is obtained by mixing cementing materials, water and aggregates, and sometimes admixtures is required proportions. Concrete has high compressive strength, low cost and abundant raw material, but its tensile strength is very low. Reinforced concrete, which is concrete with steel bars embedded in it. Concrete is an affordable material, which is extensively used throughout in the infrastructure of nation’s construction, industry, transportation, defense, utility, and residential sector. The flexibility and mould ability of this material, its high compressive strength, and the discovery of the reinforcing and prestressing techniques which helped to make up for its low tensile strength have contributed largely to its widespread use.

     Reinforced concrete structures often have to face modification and improvement of their performance during their service life. In such circumstances there are two possible solutions. The first is replacement and the other is retrofitting. Full structure replacement might have determinate disadvantages such as high costs for material and labour, a stronger environmental impact and inconvenience due to interruption of the function of the structure e.g. traffic problems. So if possible, it is often better to repair or upgrade the structure by retrofitting. Retrofitting methods is shown in figure 2.1.1. In recent years repair and retrofit of existing structures such as buildings, bridges, etc., have been quite prevalent among the most important challenges in Civil Engineering. 

For more Information Click Here

A Time Domain Reference-Algorithm for Shunt Active Power Filters

A Time Domain Reference-Algorithm for Shunt Active Power Filters

Author Name:- Prof. Sumita D Chakrabortty

Abstract:- The aim of this paper is to identify an optimum control strategy of three-phase shunt active filters to minimize the total harmonic distortion factor of the supply current Power Quality (PQ) is an important measure of an electrical power system. The term PQ means to maintain purely sinusoidal current wave form in phase with a purely sinusoidal voltage wave form. The power generated at the generating station is purely sinusoidal in nature. The deteriorating quality of electric power is mainly because of current and voltage harmonics due to wide spread application of static power electronics converters, zero and negative sequence components originated by the use of single phase and unbalanced loads, reactive power, voltage sag, voltage swell, flicker, voltage interruption etc. The simulation and the experimental results of the shunt active filter, along with the estimated value of reduction in rating, show that the shunt filtering system is quite effective in compensating for the harmonics and reactive power, in addition to being cost-effective.   

Keywords: Shunt voltage inverter APF, Time domain, instantaneous active power, carrier based PWM, Control strategy etc.

I.     Introduction

The wide use of power devices (based on semi-conductor switches) in power electronic appliances (diode and thyristor rectifiers, electronic starters, UPS and HVDC systems, arc furnaces, etc…) induces the appearance of the dangerous phenomenon of harmonic currents flow in the electrical feeder networks, producing distortions in the current/voltage waveforms. As a result, harmful consequences occur: equipment overheating, malfunction of solid-state material, interferences with telecommunication systems, etc... Damping harmonics devices must be investigated when the distortion rate exceeds the thresholds fixed by the ICE 61000 and IEEE 519 standards. For a long time, tuned LC and high pass shunt passive filters were adopted as a viable harmonics cancellation solution.

II.    Shunt active filtering algorithms

The control algorithm used to generate the reference compensation signals for the active power filter determines its effectiveness. The control scheme derives the compensation signals using voltage and/or current signals sensed from the system. The control algorithm may be based on frequency domain techniques or time domain techniques. In frequency domain, the compensation signals are computed using Fourier analysis of the input voltage/current signals. In time domain, the instantaneous values of the compensation voltages/currents are derived from the sensed values of input signals. There are a large number of control algorithms in time domain such as the instantaneous PQ algorithm, synchronous detection algorithm, synchronous reference frame algorithm and DC bus voltage algorithm. The instantaneous PQ algorithm by Akagi  is based on Park’s transformation of input voltage and current signals from which instantaneous active and reactive powers are calculated to arrive at the compensation signals. This scheme is most widely used because of its fast dynamic response but gives inaccurate results under distorted and asymmetrical source conditions.

For  More Information Click Here

Performance of WRF (ARW) over River Basins in Odisha, India During Flood Season 2014 #IJIRST Journal

Paper Title:- Performanceof WRF (ARW) over River Basins in Odisha, India During Flood Season 2014

Author Name:- Sumant Kr. Diwakar

India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, India

Abstract:- Operational Weather Research & Forecasting – Advanced Research WRF in short WRF (ARW) 9 km x 9 km Model (IMD) based rainfall forecast of India Meteorological Department (IMD) is utilized to compute rainfall forecast over River basins in Odisha during Flood season 2014. The performance of the WRF Model at the sub-basin level is studied in detail. It is observed that the IMD’s WRF (ARW) day1, day2, day3 correct forecast range lies in between 31-47 %, 37-43%, and 28-47% respectively during the flood season 2014.

Keywords: GIS; WRF (ARW); IMD; Flood 2014; Odisha     

I.      Introduction

Forecast during the monsoon season river sub-basin wise in India is difficult task for meteorologist to give rainfall forecast where the country have large spatial and temporal variations. India Meteorological Department (IMD) through its Flood Meteorological Offices (FMO) is issuing Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) sub-basin wise for all Flood prone river basins in India (IMD, 1994). There are 10 FMOs all over India spread in the flood prone river basins and FMO Bhubaneswar, Odisha is one of them. The Categories in which QPF are issued are as follows

Rainfall (in mm)

0

1-10

11-25

26-50

51-100

>100

    

    Odisha is an Indian state on the subcontinent’s east coast, by the Bay of Bengal. It is located between the parallels of 17.49’ N and 22.34’ N Latitudes and meridians of 81.27’ E and 87.29’ E Longitudes. It is surrounded by the Indian states of West Bengal to the north-east and in the east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Bhubaneswar is the capital of Odisha.

     Odisha is the 9^th largest state by area in India and the 11^th largest by population. Odisha has a coastline about 480 km long. The narrow, level coastal strip including the Mahanadi river delta supports the bulk of the population. On the basis of homogeneity, continuity and physiographical characteristics, Odisha has been divided into five major morphological regions. The Odisha Coastal Plain in the east, the Middle Mountainous and Highlands Region, the Central Plateaus, the western rolling uplands and the major flood plains.     

A.      River System

The river system of Odisha comprises the Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Subarnarekha, Vamasadhara, Burhabalanga, Rushikulya, Nagavali, Indravati, Kolab, Bahuda, Jambhira and other tributaries and distributaries.

For More Information Click Here

#IJIRST Journal: Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor using Nonlinear Analysis

Paper Title:- Evaluation of Response Reduction Factor using Nonlinear Analysis 

Author Name:- Tia Toby

Department of Civil Engineering

Abstract:- The main objective of the study is to evaluate the response reduction factor of RC frames. We know that the actual earthquake force is considerably higher than what the structures are designed for. The structures can't be designed for the actual value of earthquake intensity as the cost of construction will be too high. The actual intensity of earthquake is reduced by a factor called response reduction factor R. The value of R depends on ductility factor, strength factor, structural redundancy and damping. The concept of R factor is based on the observations that well detailed seismic framing systems can sustain large inelastic deformation without collapse and have excess of lateral strength over design strength. Here the nonlinear static analysis is conducted on regular and irregular RC frames considering OMRF and SMRF to calculate the response reduction factor and the codal provisions for the same is critically evaluated. 

Keywords: Response Reduction Factor, Ductility Factor, Strength Factor, Nonlinear Analysis, Regular and Irregular Frames, OMRF, SMRF

I.    Introduction

The devastating potential of an earthquake can have major consequences on infrastructures and lifelines. In the past few years, the earthquake engineering community has been reassessing its procedures, in the wake of devastating earthquakes which have caused extensive damage, loss of life and property. These procedures involve assessment of seismic force demands on the structure and then developing design procedures for the structure to withstand the applied actions Seismic design follows the same procedure, except for the fact that inelastic deformations may be utilized to absorb certain levels of energy leading to reduction in the forces for which structures are designed. This leads to the creation of the Response Modification Factor (R factor); the all-important parameter that accounts for over-strength, energy absorption and dissipation as well as structural capacity to redistribute forces from inelastic highly stressed regions to other less stressed locations in the structure. This factor is unique and different for different type of structures and materials used. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the response reduction factor of a RC frame designed and detailed as per Indian standards IS 456, IS 1893 and IS 13920.The codal provisions for the same will be critically evaluated. Moreover parametric studies will be done on both regular and irregular buildings and finally a comparison of R value between OMRF and SMRF is also done.

II.  Definition of r factor and its components

During an earthquake, the structures may experience certain inelasticity, the R factor defines the levels of inelasticity. The R factor is allowed to reflect a structures capability of dissipating energy via inelastic behavior. The statically determinate structures response to stress will be linear until yielding takes place. But the behavioral change in structure from elastic to inelastic occurs as the yielding prevails and linear elastic structural analysis can no longer be applied. The seismic energy exerted by the structure is too high which makes the cost of designing a structure based on elastic spectrum too high. To reduce the seismic loads, IS 1893 introduces a “response reduction factor” R. So in order to obtain the exact response, it is recommended to perform Nonlinear analysis. In actual speaking R factor is a measure of over strength and redundancy. It may be defined as a function of various parameters of the structural system, such as strength, ductility, damping and redundancy.

For More Information Click Here

       

Performance Assessment for Students using Different Defuzzification Techniques

Paper Title:- Performance Assessment for Students using Different Defuzzification Techniques

Author Name:- Anjana Pradeep, Jeena Thomas

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Abstract:- The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of students using a fuzzy expert system. The fuzzy process is based solely on the principle of taking non-precise inputs on the factors affecting the performance of students and subjecting them to fuzzy arithmetic to obtain a crisp value of the performance. The system classifies each student's performance by considering various factors using fuzzy logic. Aimed at improving the performance of fuzzy system, several defuzzification methods other than the built methods in MATLAB have been devised in this system for producing more accurate and quantifiable result.  This study provides comparison and in depth examination of various defuzzification techniques like Weighted Average Formula (WAF), WAF-max method and Quality Method (QM). A new defuzzification method named as Max-QM which is extended from Quality method that falls within the general framework is also given and commented upon in this study.      

Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy Expert System, Defuzzification, Weighted Average Formula, Quality Method 

I.   Introduction

An expert system is a software program that can be used to solve complex reasoning tasks that usually require a (human) expert. In other words, an expert system should help a novice, or partly experienced, problem solver, to match acknowledged experts in the particular domain of problem solving that the system is designed to assist. To be more specific, expert systems are generally conceptualized as shown in Fig 1. The user makes an interaction through the interface system and the system questions the user through the same interface in order to obtain the vital information upon which a decision is to be made. Behind this interface, there are two other sub-systems viz. the knowledge base, which is made up of all the domain-specific knowledge that human experts use when solving that category of problems and the inference engine, a system that performs the necessary reasoning and uses knowledge from the knowledge base in order to come to a judgment with respect to the problem modelled [1].

     Expert system has been playing a major role in many disciplines such as in medicines, assist physician in diagnosis of diseases, in agriculture for crop management, insect control, in space technology and  in power systems for fault diagnosis[5]. Some expert systems have been developed to replace human experts and to aid humans. The use of an expert system is increasing day by day in today’s world [40]. Expert systems are becoming an integral part of engineering education and even other courses like accounting and management are also accepting them as a better way of teaching[4].Another feature that makes expert system more demanding for students is its ability to adaptively adjust the training for each particular student on the bases of individual students learning pace. This feature can be used more effectively in teaching engineering students. It should be able to monitor student’s progress and make a decision about the next step in training.

Fig. 1: Expert system structure

        The few expert systems available in the market present a lot of opportunities for the students who desire more spotlight and time to learn the subjects. Some expert systems present an interactive and friendly environment for students which encourage them to study and adopt a more practical approach towards learning. The expert systems can also act as an assistor or substitute for the teacher. Expert systems focus on each student individually and also keep track of their learning pace. This behavior of an expert system provides autonomous learning procedure for both student and teacher, where teachers act as mentor and students can judge their own performance. Expert system is not only beneficial for the students but also for the teachers which help them guiding students in a better way.

        The integration of fuzzy logic with an expert system enhances its capability and is called a fuzzy expert system, as it is useful for solving real world problems which do not require a precise solution. So, there is a need to develop a fuzzy expert system as it can handle imprecise data efficiently and reduces the manual working while enhancing the use of expert system[40].

      There are various factors inside and outside college that results in poor quality of academic performance of students[2,3]. To determine all the influencing factors in a single effort is a complex and difficult task. It necessitates a lot of resources and time for an educator to identify all these factors first and then plan the classroom activities and approaches of teaching and learning. It also requires appropriate training, organizational planning and skills to conduct such studies for determining the contributing factors inside and outside college. This process of identification of determinants must be given full attention and priority so that the teachers may be able to develop instructional strategies for making sure that all the students be provided with the opportunities to attain at their fullest potential in learning and performance.  By using suitable statistical package it was found that communication, learning facilities, proper guidance and family stress were the factors that affect the student performance. Communication, learning facilities and proper guidance showed a positive impact on student performance and family stress showed a negative impact on student performance. It is indicated that communication is more important factor that affect the student performance than learning facilities and proper guidance [3].

      In this research article seven most important factors are included which affect the students’ performance. These are personal factors, college environment, family factors, and university factors, teaching factors, attendance and marks obtained by students. All these factors are scaled and ranked based on the various sub-factors that are further divided from the base factors. In this study the students’ marks have been focused and not solely on social, economic, and cultural features.  To evaluate students’ performance, fuzzy expert system has been developed by considering all the seven factors as inputs to the system. This system has been developed by taking the data of students collected from St. Josephs College of Engineering and Technology, Palai affiliated to M.G University.

II.   Literature review

In recent years, many researchers worked on the applications of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets in educational assessments and grading systems. Biswas[25] presented two methods for evaluating  students’ answer scripts using fuzzy sets and a matching function: a fuzzy evaluation method (FEM) and a generalized fuzzy evaluation method. He used fuzzy set theory in student evaluation and found that it is potentially finer than awarding grades or numbers when evaluating answer scripts. He also highlighted that the importance of education system should be to provide students with the evaluation reports regarding their test/examination as sufficient as possible with unavoidable error as small as possible so as to make evaluation system more transparent and fairer to students.

          Chen and Lee [26] presented two methods for applying fuzzy sets to overcome the problem of giving two different fuzzy marks to students with the same total score which could arise from Biswas’ method. Their methods perform calculations much faster and complicated matching operations were not required. Echauz and Vachtsevanos [27] proposed a fuzzy logic system for translating traditional scores into letter-grades. Law [28] built a fuzzy structure model with its algorithm to aggregate different test scores in order to produce a single score for individual students in an educational grading system. A method to build the membership functions (MFs) of several linguistic values with different weights was also proposed in this paper. 

         Wilson, Karr, and Freeman [29] presented an automatic grading system based on fuzzy rules and genetic algorithms. To assess the outcomes of student-centered learning using the evaluation of their peers and lecturer, a new fuzzy set approach was proposed by Ma and Zhou[30] .Wang and Chen [31] proposed a method for evaluating students answer scripts using fuzzy numbers associated with degree of confidence. They have considered degree of confidence of evaluator when awarding satisfaction level to questions of student answer scripts. Weon and Kim [32] developed an evaluation strategy based on fuzzy MFs. They pointed out that the system for students’ achievement evaluation should consider the three important factors of the questions: the difficulty, the importance, and the complexity. They used singleton functions to describe the factors of each question reflecting only the individual effect of the three factors and not the collective effect.

            Bai and Chen [34] pointed out that the difficulty factor is a very subjective parameter and may cause an argument concerning fairness in evaluation. Bai and Chen [33] proposed a method for automatically constructing grade membership functions of fuzzy rules for students’ evaluation. Bai and Chen [34] proposed a method for applying fuzzy MFs and fuzzy rules for the same purpose. To solve the subjectivity of the difficulty factor in Weon and Kim’s method [32], they obtained the level of difficulty as a function of the accuracy of the student’s answer script and the time consumed to answer the questions. However, their method still has the subjectivity problem, since the results in scores and ranks are heavily dependent on the values of several weights which are determined by the subjective knowledge of domain experts.

             In paper[35], a fuzzy logic evaluation system considering the importance, the difficulty, and the complexity of questions based on Mamdani’s[36] fuzzy inference and center of gravity (COG) defuzzification is proposed as an alternative to Bai and Chen’s method [34]. The transparency and objective nature of the fuzzy logic system makes it easy to understand and explain the results of evaluation, and thus to persuade students who are skeptical or not satisfied with the evaluation results. Li and Chen [37] proposed a method for automatically generating the weights for several attributes with fuzzy reasoning capability. Chiang and Lin [38] presented a method for applying the fuzzy set theory to teaching assessment. Chang and Sun [39] presented a method for fuzzy assessment of learning performance of junior high school students. From the previous studies, it can be found that fuzzy numbers, fuzzy sets, fuzzy rules, and fuzzy logic systems have been used for various educational grading systems. 

For more Information CLICK HERE

Impact of Boiler Water Chemistry on Waterside Tube Failures#IJIRST

IJIRST Journal published this paper in our journal. so kindly check it on our website.

Manuscript Title: Impact of Boiler Water Chemistry on Waterside Tube Failures

Abstract: This paper emphasis on the study of typical premature failure of water wall tubes of two thermal power plant boiler of same capacity (250 MW) and same operational parameter but with different boiler water chemistry.  The investigation concludes on the waterside corrosion in both of the case.  One boiler is running with coordinated phosphate treatment (CPT) and another with all volatile treatment (AVT).  The causes of corrosion were discovered and proposed measures for their elimination were given. Visual examination, chemical analysis of deposits, oxide scale thickness measurement and micro structural examination were carried to ascertain the probable cause/causes of failure. From the investigation, it was finally concluded that the combination of localized high tube metal temperature and wall thinning due to under deposit corrosion led to the premature tube failure in boiler running with coordinated phosphate treatment and localized pitting corrosion in boiler running with AVT. Based on the results and discussions, a possible way to combat the corrosion was proposed.

Keywords: Boiler Water Chemistry, Boiler Tube Failure, Caustic Gauging Corrosion, Pitting Corrosion, Boiler Deposits

I.       Introduction

Thermal power plants contribute about 75% to all India installed capacity of electric power generating stations. In worldwide energy sector, about 37% of electricity is produced by combusting coal [1-2]. Most of the Indian industrial boilers has been a prominent problem of boiler tube failure (BTF).  The tube failure causes loss in generation and which in turn responsible for massive economic loss. All type of boiler tubes have their defined life period and can fail due to various failure mechanisms. So, Successful and reliable operation of steam generating equipment needs the use of the best available methods to prevent scale and corrosion. In the boiler feed water cycle the ingress of contaminants, deposition of contaminants, and corrosion were found as the major carriers of potential problems who may have major role for the analysis of boiler tube failures. Failure can occur in all boiler areas: economizers, waterwalls, super-heaters (SH) and re-heaters (RH). Figure 1 shows simplified schematic of a coal fired sub critical boiler. The boiler tubes are of various sizes and thickness depending upon the pressure and mid wall metal temperature. According to the failures by location, water wall tubes are the second highest failure location after superheater tubes. However, according to the failures by material, carbon steel tubes statistically lead as the most frequent material causing failures. Correct tube material selection to resist the surrounding temperature is also one other decisive factor to stop the chances of BTF. Normally the water touched areas like economizer and waterwalls are made of boiler grade carbon steel. Superheater and reheater will have combination of low alloy tubes of stainless steels tubes. Figure 2[a] and [b] show the schematics of   heat transfer modes in the radiant and convective section of coal fired boiler. When the tube metal is in contact with the steam over period of time, the oxidation process may begin to form a layer of protective magnetite (Fe₃O₄) scale. Ferrous hydroxide [Fe (OH) ₂] is believed to be an intermediate in this process, converting to magnetite above 100°C according to the Schikorr reaction:

Fe + 2 H₂O → Fe (OH) ₂ + H₂

Followed by reaction:

3Fe (OH) ₂ → Fe₃O₄ + 2 H₂O + H₂

For more information Click Here

A Novel High Resolution Adaptive Beam Forming Algorithm for High Convergence

Abstract: This paper introduces a new robust four way LMS and variable step size NLMS beam forming algorithm to reduce interference in a smart antenna system. This algorithm is able to resolve signals arriving from narrowband sources propagating plane waves close to the array end fire. The results of previously used adaptive algorithm have the fixed step size NLMS will result in a trade-off issue between convergence rate and steady-state MSE of NLMS algorithm. This issue is solved by using four way LMS and VSSNLMS which will improve the efficiency of the convergence point. The proposed algorithm implemented reduces the mean square error (MSE) and shows faster convergence rate when compared to the conventional NLMS.

Keywords: Adaptive Antenna, Beamforming, Means Square Error (MSE), Convergence

I.   Introduction

A.      Introduction

In today’s world numbers of mobile users are increasing day by day, hence it is necessary to serve such a huge market of mobile users with high QOS even though the spectrum is limited. This becomes a major challenging problem for the service providers to solve. A major limitation in capacity and performance is co-channel interference caused by the increasing number of users and the multipath fading and delay spread. Research efforts investigating effective technologies to mitigate such effects have been going on and among these methods Adaptive antenna employment is the most promising technology. This project works on Adaptive Antenna which ensures high capacity providing with the same Quality of Service(QOS).In a normal scenario currently the mobile towers employ parabolic dish or a horn antenna but this suffers if the SNR is low the signals have to be repeatedly retransmitted from mobile station to base station. The use of Adaptive Antenna considers an array of antennas in which the antenna will receive the delayed versions of the electromagnetic wave and adds them to achieve high SNR.

B.      Problem Statement

In the earlier antenna radiation was directed based on frequency or time, Therefore spectrum was not utilized efficiently because as the number of users increases the quality of service decreases. Hence, in this work a solution to use the Adaptive antenna frameworks have been proposed and used as an efficient means to meet the quickly expanding the  traffic volume. This issue of Technology has discusses the importance of various advanced antenna schemes for improving the same amount of spectrum and provides service to the large amount of mobile users is deduced. This is done by separating the users with respect to direction.

II.                Adaptive antenna

Adaptive antenna is the one which adapts itself to pick the user signal in any direction without user intervention , basically it undergoes through a two phase process:

-         Direction detection Estimation (DDE) using a suitable algorithm and sensor data.

-         Beam forming which forms a beam in the desired direction and nulls in the interference direction.

Direction Detection Estimation (DDE) methods are used to detect the incoming wave and the other signals which arrive from different parts of the space can be processed to extract different type of data including direction desired incoming signal falling on the antenna array.

Beam forming is a process of forming the Main beam in the desired direction and nulls in the direction of jammers direction. The block diagram is shown in  Figure1 shows an adaptive antenna structure with N antenna elements, DDE blocks, Adaptive signal processor algorithms to make adaptive antenna system smart, where incoming signal is processed by beam forming algorithms the figure also shows main beam formed in the direction of desired signal and nulls in the jammers direction.

Fig. 1: Adaptive Antenna

http://ijirst.org/Article.php?manuscript=IJIRSTV2I3036

ijirst.org

Validation of Failure of Beater Shaft of Double Roller Ginning Machine using Mathematical Failure Analysis Approach

Abstract:- A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. The fibers are processed into clothing or other cotton goods, and any undamaged seeds may be used to grow more cotton or to produce cottonseed oil and meal. The cotton gin is a machine used to separate cotton fibers from the seed. The double roller ginning machine consists of various parts such as beater shaft, leather roller, moving knife, fixed knife, feeder, etc.         During the ginning operation the shaft fails at certain location. The actual failure position of shaft shown in fig no A was studied and the failure analysis using theories of failure was used to identify and validate the place or point of failure.

Keywords: Ginning machine, beater shaft, theories of failure, SFD, BMD, failure analysis

I.       Introduction

Ginning, in its strictest sense, refers to the process of separating cotton fibers from the seeds. The cotton gin has as its principal function the conversion of a field crop into a salable commodity. Thus, it is the bridge between cotton production and cotton manufacturing.  Ginning is the first and most important mechanical process by which seed cotton is separated into lint (fiber) and seed and machine used for this separation is called as gin. It consists of two spirally grooved leather roller pressed against a fixed knife, are made to rotate at about 90-120 rpm. Two moving blades combined with seed grids constitutes a central assembly known as beater which oscillates by means of a crank or eccentric shaft, close to the fixed knife. When the seed cotton is fed to the machine in action, fibers adhere to the rough surface of the roller are carried in between the fixed knife and roller in such a way that the fibers are partially gripped between them. The oscillating knife beats the seed and separates the fibers. This process is repeated for number of times and due to push-pull-hit action the fibers are separated from the seed, carried forward on the roller and dropped out of machine. The ginned seeds drop down through the grid which is oscillating along with beater.

Fig. 1: Double Roller Gin machine

The beater assembly is the innermost and major part of the double roller gin and is sandwiched symmetrically between the stationary knives as shown in fig.  It is composite unit consisting of moving knives and seed grids situated on the either side of the beater shaft. It has anchor shaped cross section and its axle is situated 100cm above ground and 15cm from each roller. Beater trough with perforations having concave edge with radius of 565cm and angle of 144 degree between two arms is provided to stop unginned cotton to fall down into seed chute.

http://ijirst.org/Article.php?manuscript=IJIRSTV2I3052

ijirst.org

This paper is published in our journal for more information go on above link.

IJIRST Journal

Top Rated International Journal  Recommended By Most of University

Impact Factor : 1.638

ISSN : 2349-6010

Publish Your Research article with ijirst.org

We Accept Only Quality Papers...

No Profit No loss International Journal to Promote Research Scholar..

www.facebook.com/ijirst

submit Your Article : www.ijirst.org

Automatic Vs. Selective Criteria based Policy Network Extraction over Routers Data

Abstract:- Policy networks are generally utilized by political scientists and economists to clarify different financial and social phenomena, for example, the advancement of associations between political elements or foundations from diverse levels of administration. The examination of policy networks requires a prolonged manual steps including meetings and polls. In this paper, we proposed an automatic procedure for evaluating the relations between on-screen characters in policy networks utilizing web documents of other digitally documented information gathered from the web. The proposed technique incorporate website page information extraction, out-links. The proposed methodology is programmed and does not require any outside information source, other than the documents that relate to the political performers. The proposal assesses both engagement and disengagement for both positive and negative (opposing) performer relations. The proposed algorithm is tested on the political science writing from routers document database collections. Execution is measured regarding connection and mean square error between the human appraised and the naturally extricated relations.

Keywords: Policy Networks, Social Networks, Relatedness Metrics, Similarity Metrics, Web Search, Policy Actors, Link Analysis

I.       Introduction

The expression "network" is much of the time used to depict groups of various types of actor who are connected together in political, social or economic concerns. Networks may be loosely organized but must be capable for spreading data or participating in aggregate activity. The structure of these networks are frequently unclear or dynamic, or both. In any case developing such networks are required because it reflects how present day society, society and economy are related. Linkages between different organizations, have turned into the important aspect for some social scientists. The term policy network implies “a  cluster  of  actors,  each  of  which  has  an  interest,  or “stake” in a given…policy sector and the capacity to help determine policy success or failure” [1] on other words definition of a policy network, “as a set of relatively stable relationships which are of non-hierarchical and interdependent nature linking a variety of actors, who share common interests with regard to apolicy and who exchange resources to pursue these shared interests acknowledging that co-operations the best way to achieve common goals” [3]. Examiners of governance are often try to clarify policy results by examining that how networks, which relates between stakeholders over policy plan and point of interest, are organized in a specific segment. The policy networks are also acknowledged as to be an important analytical tool to analyze the relations amongst the actors who are interacting with each other in a selected policy area. Furthermore it can also be used as a technique of social structure analysis. Overall it can be said that policy networks provide a useful toolbox for analyzing public policy-making[2]. Although the policy networks are required for analysis of different relations however it is difficult to extract it because of the fact that policymaking involves a large number and wide variety of actors, which makes this taskvery time consuming and complex task.Considering the importance of policy networks and knowing that there is not any computational technique available for efficiently and automatically extracting the policy network in this paper we are presenting an efficient approach for it.

II.    Related work on policy network

The application of computational analysis for large sized datasetasgaining popularity in the recent past. Because of most of the relation documents are available in digital format and also it makes the process automated and fast. Since the policy networks is a kind of structure which presents the relations amongst the actors which are presented in documents as “name” or known words and the sentence in the text describes the relations between them hence the extraction technique in the basic form contains text data mining techniques, or it can be said that it is an extension of text and web mining, like Michael Laver et al [14] presented a new technique for extracting policy relations from political texts that treats texts not as sentences to be analyzed but rather, as data in the form of individual words. Kenneth Benoit et al [13] presented the computer word scoring for the same task. Their experiment on Irish Election shows that a statistical analysis of the words in related texts in terms of relations are well able to describe the relations amongst the parties on key policy considerations. They also evaluated that for such estimations the knowledge of the language in which the text were written is not required, because it calculates the mutual relations not the meaning of words. The WORDFISH scaling algorithm to estimate policy positions using the word counts in the related texts. This method allows investigators to detect position of parties in one or multiple elections. Their analysis on German political parties from 1990 to 2005 using this technique in party manifestos shows that the extracted positions reflectchanges in the party system very precisely. In addition, the method allows investigators to inspect which words are significant for placing parties on the opposite positions finally the words with strong political associations are the best for differentiate between parties. As already discussed that Semantic difference of documents are important for characterizing their differences and is also useful in policy network extraction. Krishnamurthy KoduvayurViswanathanet al [7] describe several text-based similarity metrics to estimate the relation between Semantic Web documents and evaluate these metrics for specific cases of similarity.Elias Iosif et al [6] presented web-based metrics for semantic similarity calculation between words which are appeared on the web documents. The context-based metrics use a web documents and then exploit the retrieved related information for the words of interest. The algorithms can be applied to other languages and do not require any pre-annotated knowledge resources.

III.  Similarity computation techniques in documents

Metrics that live linguistics similarity between words or terms will be classified into four main classes relying if information resources area unit used or not[5]:

-        Supervised resource based mostly metrics, consulting solely human-built data resources, like ontologies.

-        Supervised knowledge-rich text-mining metrics, i.e., metrics that perform text mining relying conjointly on data resources,

-        Unsupervised co-occurrence metrics, i.e., unsupervised metrics that assume that the linguistics similarity among words or terms will be expressed by associate association quantitative relation that could be a measure of their co-occurrence.

-        Unsupervised text-based metrics, i.e., metrics that square measure absolutely text-based and exploit the context or proximity of words or terms to cipher linguistics similarity.

The last 2 classes of metrics don't use any language resources or skilled data, each rely solely on mutual relations, hence in this sense, the metrics are brought up as “unsupervised”; no linguistically labeled human-annotated information is needed to calculate the semantic distance between words or terms.

Resource-based and knowledge-rich text mining metrics, however, use such knowledge, and square measure henceforward stated as “supervised” metrics. Many resource-based strategies are planned within the literature that use, e.g., Word-Net, for linguistics similarity computation.

This paper is published in our journal for more information about this paper go on to below link

http://ijirst.org/Article.php?manuscript=IJIRSTV2I2001

http://ijirst.org/index.php?p=SubmitArticle

Modeling of Student’s Performance Evaluation

Abstract:- We proposed a Fuzzy Model System (FMS) for student performance evaluation. A suitable fuzzy inference mechanism has been discussed in the paper. We mentioned how fuzzy principal can be applying in student performance prediction. This model can be useful for educational organization, educators, teachers, and students also. We proposed this model especially for first year students who need some extraordinary monitoring to their performance. Modeling based on the past academic result and on some information they earlier submitted for admission purposes.

Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, Membership Functions, Academic Evaluation

I.       Introduction

Success rate of any Educational Institute or Organization may depend upon the prior evaluation of student’s performance. They use different method for student’s performance evaluation usually any educational organization use grading system on the basis of academic performance especially higher education. We can involve other key points to evaluating student performance such as communication skill, marketing skill, leadership skill etc.

Performance evaluation can provide information. Information generated by evaluation can be helpful for students, teachers, educators etc. to take decisions.[6] In corporate field employers highly concern about all mentioned skill. If an educational institute involve other than academic performance for evaluation then it will be beneficial for students as well as organization also.

A.      Traditional Evaluation Method

Traditionally student’s performance evaluate done by academic performance like class assignment, model exams, Yearly etc. This Primary technique involves either numerical value like 6.0 to 8.0 which may call grade point average or 60% to 80% i.e average percentage. Some organization also using linguistic terms like pass, fail, supply for performance evaluation. Such kind of evaluation scheme depends upon criteria which are decided by experienced evaluators. So that evaluation may be approximate.

The objective of this paper is to present a model .which may be very useful for teachers, organization and students also. It helps to better understanding weak points which acts as a barrier in student’s progress.

B.      Method Used

Fuzzy logic can be described by fuzzy set. It provide reasonable method / technique through input and output process fig[1].Fuzzy set can be defined by class of object, there is no strident margins for object[1].A fuzzy set formed by combination of linguistic variable using linguistic modifier.

Linguistic Modifier is link to numerical value and linguistic variable [2]. In our work linguistic variable is performance and linguistic modifiers are good, very good, excellent, and outstanding.

For more information go to below link.

http://ijirst.org/Article.php?manuscript=IJIRSTV2I3022

http://ijirst.org/index.php?p=SubmitArticle

ijirst.org

Know about it : Big Data is Transforming Sports #IJIRST

This article was originally published on The Conversation. The publication contributed this article to Live Science's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.

In sport we don’t just want to know who won. We now want to know how to replicate success and then improve on it. And to do this, we’re using data – and lots of it. The field of “big data” analytics has come to sport and athletics, with massive implications for sport as we know it.

IJIRST 1.638

The Women’s Tennis Association recently approved real-time data capture, which means that court-side coaches can now advise their players during a match on best shot placement or serve direction using little more than a smartphone or tablet. It could be argued that this detracts from a player using their instincts to make their own decisions. But it means that to tennis fans watching, it’s easier to understand what makes a good player great and why their opponent lost, while players have an even keener competitive edge.

International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology (IJIRST) is a one of the popular international multidisciplinary, open access, peer-reviewed, fully refereed journal. It is an international journal that aims to contribute to the constant innovative research and training, so as to promote research in the field of science and technology.

Impact Factor: 1.638